Smart Materials and Nanotechnology

Sustainable Energy and Development

Depletion of natural resources and worldwide increase in population has created a global demand for energy. Materials are hope for renewable energy sources, super capacitors, energy storage in batteries, thermoelectric devices, energy conversion through solar cells and fuel cells.  For the growing need of production and energy storage, systems including diverse materials, operations and properties have been employed, for example batteries such as Lithium batteries are used in various types of mobile devices, including communication equipment, computers, entertainment devices, power tools, toys, games, lighting and medical devices. Semiconductor devices have replaced vacuum tubes and from these semiconductor materials diodes, transistors, light emitting diodes (LEDs) have emerged for energy efficiency. Materials with emerging energy technologies are the supportable energy foundations to withstand the geophysical alteration. Solar energy is the superior and the development of photovoltaic cells is needed for the existing development. The piezoelectric, ferroelectric materials and thin films are the valuable materials for the conversion of energy. Smart materials employed in smart tools for wide range of energy applications, energy efficiency and sustainability have huge possibilities in the coming future.